Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2026)
ijhe 2026, 18(4): 641-658 |
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Raeisi N, Mehraban Nawaz S, Yari A R, Jahandideh M, Naghavi F, Zeraatkar R, et al . Study of physicochemical and microbial indicators of swimming pool water in Kashan, Aran and Bidgol. ijhe 2026; 18 (4) :641-658
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7104-en.html
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7104-en.html
Nahid Raeisi1 
, Samaneh Mehraban Nawaz1 , Ahmad Reza Yari2 , Mohammad Jahandideh1 , Fariba Naghavi1 , Reza Zeraatkar1 , Hadi Niknejad3 , Mohsen Hesami Arani *4
, Samaneh Mehraban Nawaz1 , Ahmad Reza Yari2 , Mohammad Jahandideh1 , Fariba Naghavi1 , Reza Zeraatkar1 , Hadi Niknejad3 , Mohsen Hesami Arani *4
1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Council of Health Vice, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
3- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran ,hesami.mohsen110@gmail.com
2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
3- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran ,
Abstract: (75 Views)
Background and Objective: Swimming pools are considered as a potential source of microbial and chemical contamination due to direct and continuous contact with different groups of people. The present study was conducted to investigate the water health indicators of swimming pools in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol and compare them with the existing standards in the country in the years 2017-2021.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study with a longitudinal design, 830 samples were taken from all indoor and active pools in 2017-2021. Physicochemical parameters, and microbial parameters were measured. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software 16.
Results: The concentration of free residual chlorine, combined chlorine, pH, turbidity, and corrosivity were in the desired range in 53 percent, 48 percent, 67 percent, 81 percent, and 67 percent of the water samples, respectively. None of the samples were contaminated with Pseudomonas. A significant and inverse relationship was observed between the bacterial population and free residual chlorine, and a significant and direct relationship was observed between the bacterial population and turbidity (p<0.005).
Conclusion: Due to the low compliance of the water chlorine level with the standard and the observation of coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and heterotrophs, it is necessary to continuously monitor the physicochemical and microbial parameters of the water, as well as to carry out proper health surveillance and disinfection.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study with a longitudinal design, 830 samples were taken from all indoor and active pools in 2017-2021. Physicochemical parameters, and microbial parameters were measured. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software 16.
Results: The concentration of free residual chlorine, combined chlorine, pH, turbidity, and corrosivity were in the desired range in 53 percent, 48 percent, 67 percent, 81 percent, and 67 percent of the water samples, respectively. None of the samples were contaminated with Pseudomonas. A significant and inverse relationship was observed between the bacterial population and free residual chlorine, and a significant and direct relationship was observed between the bacterial population and turbidity (p<0.005).
Conclusion: Due to the low compliance of the water chlorine level with the standard and the observation of coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and heterotrophs, it is necessary to continuously monitor the physicochemical and microbial parameters of the water, as well as to carry out proper health surveillance and disinfection.
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