Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Iran J Health Environ. 2026, 19(2): 317-330 |
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Khajehbar F, Taab A, Mazloomi S. The effect of composting efficiency of animal manure using the windrow method in reducing the risk of weed growth compared to the use of raw animal waste in agricultural lands. Iran J Health Environ. 2026; 19 (2) :317-330
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7163-en.html
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7163-en.html
1- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ,sajad.mazloomi@gmail.com
2- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ,
Abstract: (276 Views)
Background and Objective: The use of livestock manure as an organic amendment in agriculture leads to the spread of weed populations and enriches the soil seed bank. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of composting animal manure in reducing the germination potential of weed seeds and the biologically control of their populations.
Materials and Methods: In this study, sheep manure was composted using the windrow method. Raw manure and compost samples were then evaluated under laboratory conditions using two treatments, each with four replicates, to assess weed growth. The samples were cultivated in a greenhouse at 25 °C for 4 weeks with adequate moisture maintained. At the end of the period, the number of germinated seedlings was counted, and their density was recorded per species.
Results: The results of the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test demonstrated that composting had a significant effect on reducing weed density. The density of total weeds and broadleaf weeds decreased by 93.3% and 92.8%, respectively, compared to raw manure. In addition, the number of emerged weed species in untreated livestock manure was significantly greater than that observed in the compost treatment.
Conclusion: Compost production using the Windrow method is an effective solution for managing livestock manure, resulting in a reduction in the density of emerging weeds. By comparing the number and density of emerging weeds in samples treated with raw manure versus compost, this study confirmed the positive effect of the composting process on the biological control of weed populations.
Materials and Methods: In this study, sheep manure was composted using the windrow method. Raw manure and compost samples were then evaluated under laboratory conditions using two treatments, each with four replicates, to assess weed growth. The samples were cultivated in a greenhouse at 25 °C for 4 weeks with adequate moisture maintained. At the end of the period, the number of germinated seedlings was counted, and their density was recorded per species.
Results: The results of the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test demonstrated that composting had a significant effect on reducing weed density. The density of total weeds and broadleaf weeds decreased by 93.3% and 92.8%, respectively, compared to raw manure. In addition, the number of emerged weed species in untreated livestock manure was significantly greater than that observed in the compost treatment.
Conclusion: Compost production using the Windrow method is an effective solution for managing livestock manure, resulting in a reduction in the density of emerging weeds. By comparing the number and density of emerging weeds in samples treated with raw manure versus compost, this study confirmed the positive effect of the composting process on the biological control of weed populations.
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