Iranian Journal of Health and Environment
سلامت و محیط زیست
ijhe
Medical Sciences
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir
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2008-2029
2008-3718
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2025
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طراحی و کاربرد حسگر فلوریمتری ساختاریافته برای شناسایی ملامین در شیر خشک
Design and application of structured fluorometric sensor for melamine detection in milk powder
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> ملامین، یک ترکیب شیمیایی است که در محصولات غذایی به عنوان یک عامل تقلبی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. در این پژوهش، یک حسگر فلوریمتری مبتنی بر چارچوب آلی-فلزی آلومینیوم </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(Al−MOF)</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> برای شناسایی ملامین در شیرخشک</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">توسعه داده شده است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش بررسی:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در این مطالعه</span></span></span></span>، <span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Al−MOF</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به عنوان یک ماده حسگر با ویژگیهای فلورسانس بالا و قابلیت جذب ملامین مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. حساسیت و انتخابپذیری حسگر نسبت به ملامین در محدوده غلظتی </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">nM</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 400-0 با استفاده از تکنیکهای فلوریمتری بررسی شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافتهها:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">غلظت ملامین متناسب با کاهش شدت سیگنال فلورسانس حسگر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> Al-MOF</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">است. اثر پارامترهای مختلف از قبیل </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، زمان واکنش و غلظت بر عملکرد حسگر طراحی شده ارزیابی شد. تحت شرایط بهینه (</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">9</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="EN-AU" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH = </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، زمان واکنش کمتر از </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">min</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 1 و غلظت </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mg/L</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 30</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، رابطه خطی (0/99 = </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">R<sup>2</sup></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) خوبی بین کاهش شدت سیگنال فلورسانس و غلظت ملامین در محدوده</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">nM</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 400 </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">–</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 0 </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مشاهده شد و مقدار حد تشخیص (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Limit of detection; LOD</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ppb</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 38/5 بدست آمد. اما </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">LOD</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> روش </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">HPLC</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در اندازهگیری ملامین حدود </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ppb</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">۹۰ </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بود که نشان میدهد حسگر طراحی شده از حساسیت بالاتری (حدود </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">2/3</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> برابر) برخوردار است. </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">حسگر انتخابپذیری خوبی نسبت به ملامین دارد. </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درصد ریکاوری و انحراف استاندارد نسبی برای این حسگر به ترتیب 103-97 درصد و 2/8-1/2 به دست آمد.</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> از اینرو، این حسگر به دلیل سادگی و سرعت در شناسایی، میتواند به عنوان یک ابزار مفید در کنترل کیفیت محصولات لبنی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Background and Objective</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">: </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Melamine is a chemical compound commonly used as an adulterant in food products. In this study, a fluorescence-based sensor utilizing an aluminum metal-organic framework (Al−MOF) was developed for the detection of melamine in milk powder. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> In this study, Al-MOF was employed as a sensing material due to its high fluorescence properties and strong ability to adsorb melamine. Using fluorescence techniques, the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor towards melamine were evaluated over a concentration range of 0 to 400 nanomolar (nM).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> The melamine concentration was determined based on the reduction in the fluorescence intensity of the Al-MOF. The effects of different parameters such as pH, reaction time, and concentration, on the performance of the designed sensor were evaluated. Under optimized conditions (pH = 9, reaction time < 1 min, and Al–MOF concentration of 30 mg/L), a good linear relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) was observed between fluorescence intensity and melamine concentration in the range of 0–400 nM, with a detection limit of 38.5 ppb.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"> <span style="color:black">However, the limit of detection (LOD) for HPLC method was approximately 90 ppb, indicating that the designed sensor has higher sensitivity (about 2.3 times). The sensor also exhibited good selectivity for melamine. The recovery percentage and relative standard deviation (RSD) were found to be 97-103% and 1.2-2.8%, respectively. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> This</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">sensor can serve as an effective tool for quality control in dairy products due to its simplicity and rapid detection capabilities.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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حسگر, چارچوب آلی-فلزی, ملامین, فلورسانس, شیر خشک
Sensor, Metal-Organic framework, Melamine, Fluorescence, Milk powder
599
614
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2927-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mahmood
Alizadeh Sani
محمود
علیزاده ثانی
saniam7670@gmail.com