fa برآورد میزان تولید پسماندهای الکتریکی و الکترونیکی خانوارها و ادارات دولتی شهر آباده طشک استان فارس با استفاده از روش استفاده و مصرف عمومى General پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> گسترش فناوری در دهه‌های اخیر سبب افزایش مصرف محصولات الکترونیک تا میزان </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">million tons/year</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 2/5 در جهان شده است.</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این‌حال داده‌های محلی محدودی از میزان تولید پسماندهای الکتریکی و الکترونیکی وجود دارد. لذا هدف این مطالعه برآورد میزان تولید و درصد اجزای با ارزش و خطرناک پسماندهای الکترونیکی خانوارها و ادارات دولتی شهر آباده طشک است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش بررسی:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> ابتدا تعداد 27 قلم از تجهیزات الکتریکی و الکترونیکی موجود در 200 خانوار و 40 اداره دولتی شهر آباده طشک در سال 1401، با استفاده از </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پرسشنامه تعیین</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و سپس با روش استفاده و مصرف و بر اساس میانگین وزن و طول عمر تجهیزات، میزان تولید </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پسماندها</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> برآورد گردید. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اجزای با ارزش شامل </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آهن، مس، آلومینیوم، پلاستیک، نقره، طلا، قلع و روی و اجزای خطرناک آنها شامل کبالت، باریوم، آرسنیک، آنتیموان، کروم، نیکل، سرب و جیوه نیز </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تعیین شد</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ند</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته‌ها</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">: </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سرانه </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پسماندهای الکتریکی و الکترونیکی </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به ازای هر خانوار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">kg/year</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 25 و به ازای هر نفر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">kg/year</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 7/9 برآورد گردید</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> میزان کل </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پسماندها در </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ادارات دولتی </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">tons/year</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 3/53 بود. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">وزن کل ترکیبات با ارزش 574/85 و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">kg</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 24/41و وزن کل ترکیبات خطرناک نیز 25/99 و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">kg</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 1/07 </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به ترتیب برای خانوارها و ادارات دولتی برآورد شد. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج نشان داد که </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آهن و </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پلاستیک</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> بیش از 70 درصد وزن </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ترکیبات با ارزش </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آرسنیک و سرب بیش از 60 درصد وزن ترکیبات خطرناک </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پسماندها </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">را شامل می‌شوند. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> با توجه به وجود ترکیبات با ارزش در پسماندهای </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">الکتریکی و الکترونیکی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شهر آباده طشک و امکان بازیافت آنها و از سوی</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> دیﮕر به علت </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">امکان ورود ترکیبات خطرناک این پسماندها به محیط و ایجاد اثرات نامطلوب در انسان و محیط‌زیست، برنامه‌ریزی جهت مدیریت </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پسماندها ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Background and Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> The rapid development of technology in recent decades has led to a significant increase in the consumption of electronic products, with global e-waste generation reaching approximately 2.5 million tons per year. However, there is limited local data on the amount of e-waste produced. This study aims to estimate the quantity and composition of valuable and hazardous components in e-waste generated by households and government offices in Abadeh Tashk.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> A questionnaire was used to determine the number of 27 types of electrical and electronic equipment present in 200 households and 40 government offices in Abadeh Tashk city in 2022. The production of e-waste was then estimated using the consumption-and-use method, based on the average weight and lifespan of the equipment. Valuable components such as iron, copper, aluminum, plastic, silver, gold, tin, and zinc, along with hazardous components including cobalt, barium, arsenic, antimony, chromium, nickel, lead, and mercury, were identified and quantified.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> It was estimated that households generated 25 kg/year of e-waste per household, equivalent to 7.9 kg/year per capita. Government offices produced a total of 3.53 tons/year of e-waste. The total weight of valuable components was 574.85 kg for households and 24.41 kg for government offices, while the total weight of hazardous components was estimated at 25.99 kg and 1.07 kg, respectively. Iron and plastic accounted for more than 70% of the valuable components, while arsenic and lead constituted over 60% of the hazardous components in these wastes.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Considering the significant presence of valuable components in the e-waste of Abadeh Tashk city and the potential for their recycling, as well as the environmental and health risks posed by hazardous components, effective planning for e-waste management is essential. Such efforts could mitigate adverse effects on human health and the environment while promoting resource recovery.</span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> پسماندهای الکتریکی و الکترونیکی, پسماندهای خطرناک, مدیریت پسماند, آباده طشک Electrical and electronic waste, Hazardous waste, Waste management, Abadeh Tashk 71 94 http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-780-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatemeh Zoormand فاطمه زورمند zoormandf@yahoo.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran ﮔروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و علوم ﺗﻐﺬیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران Ghasem Hassani قاسم حسنی ghhassani64@gmail.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran ﮔروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و علوم ﺗﻐﺬیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران Narges Roustaei نرگس روستایی rousta.biostatistics@gmail.com No Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran ﮔروه آمار زیستی و اپیدمیولوﮊی، دانشکده بهداشت و علوم ﺗﻐﺬیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران Soheila Rezaei سهیلا رضایی s.rezaei85@gmail.com Yes Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran AND Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran ﮔروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و علوم ﺗﻐﺬیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران و مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران