Iranian Journal of Health and Environment
سلامت و محیط زیست
ijhe
Medical Sciences
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir
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2008-2029
2008-3718
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2025
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شیوع و غلظت اکراتوکسین آ در کاکائو و فرآورده های حاوی آن: یک مرور نظام مند و فراتحلیل
Prevalence and concentration of Ochratoxin A in cocoa and its products: a systematic review and meta-analysis
عمومى
General
مرور ساختاریافته
Systematic Review
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف</span></span></span></b></span><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">: با توجه به اثرات زیانبار اکراتوکسین نوع آ</span></span></span></span> <span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در موجودات زنده و بویژه انسان ها که می تواند منجر به عوارض مختلف و شدیدی شود، مروری نظام مند و متاآنالیز مطالعات برای غلظت اکراتوکسین </span></span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">آ</span></span></span></span> <span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در کاکائو و محصولات حاوی آن انجام شد</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی:</span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> پس از بررسی و جستجوی کلیدواژه های مورد نظر شامل: اکراتوکسین آ، کاکائو و متاآنالیز از 1482 مطالعه اولیه در بازه زمانی 2022-2016 طی 4 مرحله غربالگری در نهایت 17 مقاله ازطریق پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مانند </span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct</span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و موتورهای جستجو مانند </span></span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">Google Scholar, SID</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">انتخاب شدند. نتایج و داده ها با استفاده از روش متاآنالیز و نرم افزار </span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">STATA v17</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> تحلیل شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافتهها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> میانگین میزان شیوع اکراتوکسین آ در مقالات از قاره ها و کشورهای مختلف برابر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">µg/kg</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">2/461 بود. بیشترین شیوع </span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اکراتوکسین نوع آ</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در قاره آمریکا (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">µg/kg</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 3/16) و کمترین میزان در قاره آسیا (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">µg/kg</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 2/13) و نیز</span></span></span><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> برحسب سال بیشترین مربوط به سال 2018 برابر </span></span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">µg/kg</span></span></span><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 4/5 و کمترین مقدار مربوط به سال</span></span></span></span> <span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">2022 معادل </span></span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">µg/kg</span></span></span><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 0/95 بود. </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش کروماتوگرافی مایع </span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">LC-MS)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">) با غلظت شیوع </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">µg/kg</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 3/11، بیشترین مقدار متوسط شیوع</span></span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> اکراتوکسین نوع آ</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> را گزارش کرد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></b></span><span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> شیوع غلظت</span></span></span> <span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اکراتوکسین نوع آ</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> <span class="Style1Char" lotus-s="" style="font-family:"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روند کاهشی در پیش گرفته است که می تواند به دلیل استفاده از روشهای پیشگیری و ممانعت از تولید این سم یا به حداقل رساندن میزان آن در مزارع باشد. همچنین روش</span></span></span> </span></span><span class="Style2Char" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%">LC</span></span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> قابلیت تشخیص بالاتری نسبت به سایر روش ها دارا بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><a name="_Hlk194743348"><b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and objective:</span></span></b></a><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Given the harmful effects of Ochratoxin A on living organisms—particularly humans—and its potential to cause various severe health outcomes, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the concentration of Ochratoxin A in cocoa and cocoa-based products.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods: </span></span></b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">After reviewing and searching for keywords including Ochratoxin A, cocoa, and meta-analysis, 17 studies were ultimately selected from an initial pool of 1,482 articles published between 2016 and 2022. The selection was carried out through four screening stages using international databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, as well as search engines like Google Scholar and SID. The results and data were analyzed using meta-analysis methods in STATA version 17.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results: </span></span></b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The average concentration of Ochratoxin A reported in studies from various continents and countries was 2.461 µg/kg. The highest average concentration was observed in the Americas (3.16 µg/kg), while the lowest was reported in Asia (2.13 µg/kg). By publication year, the highest concentration was recorded in 2018 (4.5 µg/kg), and the lowest in 2022 (0.95 µg/kg). Among analytical methods, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) reported the highest average concentration of Ochratoxin A, at 3.11 µg/kg. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The concentration of Ochratoxin A has shown a decreasing trend, which may be attributed to the implementation of preventive measures and strategies to inhibit its production or reduce its levels on farms. Additionally, the LC method demonstrated greater detection sensitivity compared to other analytical techniques.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
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اکراتوکسین آ, کاکائو, آلودگی مواد غذایی, مرور نظام مند, متاآنالیز
Ochratoxin A, Cocoa, Food contamination, Systematic review, Meta-analysis
375
390
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2923-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Motahare
Khammar
مطهره
خمر
motaharekhammar1@gmail.com