Iranian Journal of Health and Environment
سلامت و محیط زیست
ijhe
Medical Sciences
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir
1
admin
2008-2029
2008-3718
000
000
000
000
000
fa
jalali
1403
3
1
gregorian
2024
6
1
17
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی مقادیر و ارزیابی خطر سرب در شیرهای خام جمع آوری شده از دامداری های استان تهران در فصل زمستان، 1401
Investigating the amounts and risk assessment of lead in raw milk collected from farms in Tehran province in winter, 2022
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقدمه و هدف:</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">با</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">توجه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">آنکه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شیر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">فرآورده</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">­</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">های</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">آن</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بسیاری</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نقاط</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جهان</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بخش</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جدایی ناپذیری</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">رژیم</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غذایی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">انسان</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">را</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">تشکیل می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">­</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">دهند،</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بنابراین</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">باید</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اقدامات</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">موثری در راستای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ایمنی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شیر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به حداقل</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">رساندن</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقدار</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">آلاینده</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">های خطرناک در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">آن</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">صورت</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">گیرد</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">.</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مطالعه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">با</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">هدف</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">تعیین</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غلظت و ارزیابی خطر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">فلز سنگین</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">سرب</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در شیر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">خام</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">تولید</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شده</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">استان تهران</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">انجام</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شده است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی:</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مطالعه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">توصیفی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقطعی،</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نمونه های شیر خام از 24 دامداری </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مختلف استان تهران در فصل زمستان سال 1401 جمع آوری</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نظر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">آلودگی سرب با</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از روش</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">طیف</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نگار</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جذب</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اتمی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شعله</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مورد</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. با آزمون های آماری مرتبط نتایج حاصله با استانداردهای جهانی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در ادامه با میانگین نتایج ارزیابی خطر صورت گرفت. </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافتهها: در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بررسی،</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">میانگین مقدار</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">سرب</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">هیچ</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یک</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نمونه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ها</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بالاتر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">حد</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مجاز</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نبود. میانگین و انحراف معیار غلظت سرب در نمونه ها</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="TR" style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> ppb</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 5/8</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">±</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">7</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به دست آمد. تمامی نمونه های مورد آزمایش کمتر از حد مجاز استانداردهای جهانی بود. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اختلاف معنی داری بین میزان سرب کلیه دامداری ها نیز مشاهده نشد. </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقدار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HQ</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(Hazard Quotient)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> برای کودکان و بزرگسالان کمتر از یک محاسبه شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجهگیری: غلظت سرب در تمامی نمونه ها زیر حد مجاز اعلامی </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کدکس</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و سازمان استاندارد ایران قرار داشت. با توجه به </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">HQ</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> محاسبه شده مصرف شیر از نظر آلودگی به سرب، خطر غیر سرطان زایی نداشت. </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objective:</span></span></b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <span style="background:white">Given the crucial role of milk and its products in human diets, it is imperative to implement effective measures to ensure the safety of milk by minimizing the presence of hazardous pollutants. This study aims to assess the concentration and potential risks associated with lead in raw milk produced in Tehran province. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This cross-sectional descriptive study involved the collection of raw milk samples from 24 diverse livestock farms in Tehran province during the winter season of 1401. The samples were analyzed for lead contamination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical tests were applied to compare the results with international standards, and subsequent risk assessment was conducted based on the average amounts.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The study revealed that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for lead. The mean and standard deviation of lead concentration in the samples was 7 ± 5.8 (ppb), well below the international standard. There was no significant variation in lead levels among the tested livestock farms. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both children and adults were calculated to be less than 1.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The concentration of lead in all samples remained below the permissible limits set by Codex and the Iran Standards Organization, indicating no non-carcinogenic risks associated with milk consumption in terms of lead contamination, as suggested by the calculated HQ values.</span></span></span><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
</div>
سرب, شیر خام, دامداری, تهران, ارزیابی خطر
Lead, Raw milk, Animal farm, Tehran, Risk assessment
193
204
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1552-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Alireza
Bakhtiyari
علیرضا
بختیاری
alirezabakhtiari1378@gmail.com