Iranian Journal of Health and Environment
سلامت و محیط زیست
ijhe
Medical Sciences
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir
1
admin
2008-2029
2008-3718
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fa
jalali
1402
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gregorian
2023
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ارزیابی سطح آلودگی و ریسک بهداشتی برخی عناصر جزیی در زمینهای کشاورزی اطراف تهران
Assessment of pollution level and health risk of some trace elements in agricultural lands around Tehran
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:dotted 2.0cm"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> زمینهای کشاورزی </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اطراف</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> تهران به دلیل مجاورت با منابع آلودگی ممکن است به انواع آلایندهها آلوده شوند و لازم است این آلودگی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. بنابراین، اهداف این مطالعه تعیین </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">سطح آلودگی</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> برخی عناصر </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جزئی </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در خاک کشاورزی اطراف تهران</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و ارزیابی ریسک </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بهداشتی</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> مربوطه بودند. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:dotted 2.0cm"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در این مطالعه 43 نمونه خاک از زمینهای کشاورزی اطراف تهران جمع آوری شد. نمونهها آماده سازی و هضم اسیدی شدند و </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غلظتهای </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">وانادیوم، لیتیوم، لانتانیوم، مولیبدن و آنتیمو</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ا</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ن با </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ICP-OES</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> سنجش شد. براساس غلظتهای عناصر در خاک، شاخصهای آلودگی و ریسک غیرسرطانزایی (مبتنی بر شبیه سازی مونت کارلو) ارزیابی شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافتهها: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از بین عناصر مورد مطالعه، وانادیوم (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mg/kg</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 131) دارای بالاترین غلظت بود و به دنبال آن لانتانیوم</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> ></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> لیتیوم > آنتیموان > مولیبدن قرار داشتند. مقادیر شاخص زمین انباشتگی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">I<sub>geo</sub></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و فاکتور غنی شدگی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">EF</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">)</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به ترتیب</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در محدوده </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">1/9-</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> تا 0/8 و 0/5 تا 3/1 بودند. مق</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ادیر</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> شاخص آلودگی جامع نمرو (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">NIPI</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">) در محدوده 1/3 تا 2/0 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بودند</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">. مقدار شاخص ریسک غیرسرطانزایی برای لیتیوم، مولیبدن، آنتیموان و وانادیوم ناچیز، اما برای لانتانیوم فراتر از حد آستانه بود. </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجهگیری: </span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این مطالعه نشان داد که زمینهای کشاورزی اطراف تهران به</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> میزان کم تا متوسط</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> به عناصر جزیی آلوده هستند. با </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این حال،</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> ریسک غیرسرطانزای غیرقابل قبولی برای لانتانیوم موجود در خاک کشاورزی برآورد شد. بنابراین، لازم است آلودگی </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">لانتانیوم در </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">خاکهای کشاورزی اطراف تهران بطور ویژه مورد توجه قرار گیرد.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and </span></span></b><b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Objective</span></span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: </span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Agricultural lands around Tehran may become contaminated due to their proximity to pollution sources and</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> such pollution</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> should be investigated.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to determine the pollution levels of some trace elements in the agricultural soils around Tehran and to assess the attributed health risks. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> In this study, 43 soil samples were collected from agricultural lands around Tehran.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The s</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">oil </span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">samples were prepared and acid-digested and the concentrations of Vanadium</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> (V)</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, Lithium (Li), Lanthanum (La), Molybdenum (Mo), and Antimony (Sb) were measured by ICP-OES.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Based on the concentration</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s of the elements in soil</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">, the pollution indices and non-carcinogenic risk (based on Monte Carlo simulation) were assessed. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Result</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s: Among the studied elements, V had the highest concentration </span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(131 mg/kg) </span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">followed by La > Li > Sb > Mo.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The value</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> of the geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) and enrichment factor (EF) were in the ranges of -1.9 to 0.8 and 0.5 to 3.1, respectively. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) values were in the range of 1.3 to 2.0.</span></span> <span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The values of non-carcinogenic risk for Li, Mo, Sb, and V were negligible, but it exceeded the threshold limit for La. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This study showed that the agricultural lands around Tehran are contaminated with </span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">studied </span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">trace elements</span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> to a low to moderate extent</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">. </span></span><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">However, an unacceptable </span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">non-carcinogenic risk attributed to La was estimated. Therefore, it is essential to pay special attention to the La pollution of agricultural soils around Tehran.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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آلودگی خاک, عناصر جزیی, ریسک بهداشتی, زمینهای کشاورزی, تهران
Soil pollution, Trace elements, Health risk, Agricultural lands, Tehran
69
84
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-713-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Sara
Ghayour
سارا
غیور
sa.qayour@yahoo.com