fa حذف تولوئن گازی توسط بیوفیلتر مخروط کاج/کمپوست: راه اندازی، عملکرد و بهینه سازی هوا Air پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> تولوئن یکی از مهمترین ترکیبات آلی فرار است که علاوه&shy; بر ایجاد مشکلات زیست</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">محیطی، سلامت انسان را نیز تهدید می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کند. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین عملکرد بیوفیلتر مبتنی بر بستر مخروط کاج</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">/</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کمپوست جهت حذف بخارات تولوئن از جریان هوای آلوده انجام شده است. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در این پژوهش یک بیوفیلتر با حجم</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> L </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">19/468 طراحی و ساخته شد. بستر بیوفیلتر از دو قسمت به ارتفاع</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">cm </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;26 تشکیل و با مخلوطی از کمپوست و مخروط کاج</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به نسبت حجمی 1:1 پر شد. پس از تلقیح بستر با لجن تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شهری و سازگار نمودن آن با تولوئن، عملکرد بیوفیلتر در قسمت‌های مختلف بستر در غلظت تولوئن ورودی </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">g/m³</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 5/5-2/5 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و زمان&shy; ماند بستر خالی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(EBRT)&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">1/3، 1/7 و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">min</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 2/43 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین نتایج به لحاظ آماری نیز تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافته &shy;ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">EBRT</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">min</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 2/43 و غلظت&shy; های تولوئن ورودی </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&nbsp;g/m³</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">5/5-2/5 کارایی حذف به 100 درصد رسید. همچنین با کاهش </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">EBRT</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> از کارایی حذف کاسته شد. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی حذف در قسمت اول بستر بیوفیلتر بیشتر از قسمت دوم آن بود.</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در غلظت تولوئن ورودی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> g/m³</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">2/62 و</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">EBRT</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">min</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">1/7، حداکثر ظرفیت حذف </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">(<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">EC_max</span>)<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> بیوفیلتر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">g/m³.min</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 2/74 بدست آمد. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجه گیری:</span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در کلیه&shy; شرایط بهره&shy; برداری بیوفیلتر، غلظت خروجی بیوفیلتر مخروط کاج/کمپوست، پایین&shy;تر از استاندارد <span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">WHO</span>&nbsp;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> (</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&micro;g/m³</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">260) بود. همچنین، ظرفیت حذف بالای بیوفیلتر قابلیت آن را در حذف تولوئن از جریان گازهای آلوده تایید کرد.</span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objective:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Toluene is one of the most important volatile organic compounds that threaten human health and introduce many environmental problems. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the performance of a biofilter based on pine cones/compost to remove toluene vapors from polluted air streams.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> In this research, a biofilter with a volume of 19.468 L was designed and built. The biofilter bed consisted of two parts 26 cm in height and packed with a mixture of compost and pine cones in 1:1 volumetric ratio. After inoculating the bed with sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and making it compatible with toluene, the performance of the biofilter in different parts of the bed was investigated at the inlet toluene concentrations of 2.5-5.5 g/m³ and Empty Bed Retention Times (EBRTs) of 1.3, 1.7, and 2.43 min. Also, the results were analyzed statistically.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> At EBRT of 2.43 min and different inlet toluene concentrations of 2.5-5.5 g/m³, the</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">removal efficiency</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> reached 100 percent. Also, the removal efficiency decreased with the reduction of EBRT. The results showed that removal efficiency was higher in the first part of the biofilter bed relate to the second part. At an inlet toluene concentration of 2.62 g/m³ and EBRT of 1.7 min, the maximum elimination capacity (EC_max) of 2.74 g/m³.min was obtained.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> In all experimental conditions the outlet concentration of pine-cone/compost biofilter was below the WHO standard (260 &micro;g/m³). Also, the high elimination capacity of biofilter verified its capability toward toluene removal from polluted gas streams.</span></span></span></div> تجزیه زیستی, مخروط کاج, ترکیبات آلی فرار, کمپوست Biodegradation, Pine-cones, Volatile organic compounds, Compost 493 508 http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2630-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zohreh Naderi زهره نادری 90.z.naderi@gmail.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران Hiwa Hossaini هیوا حسینی hiwa_hossaini@yahoo.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران Meghdad Pirsaheb مقداد پیرصاحب mpirsaheb@yahoo.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران Akbar Barzegar اکبر برزگر Barzegarakbar@gmail.com No Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه‌ای، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران Sara Kianpour سارا کیانپور kianpoursara7@gmail.com Yes Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران