Zhila Moradi-Khatoonabadi, Yahya Maghsoudlou, Hamid Ezzatpanah, Morteza Khomeiri, Mehdi Aminafshar,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Milk and milk products are very suitable medium for growing microorganisms (e.g. Bacillus cereus). B. cereus is spore former bacilli, which easily survives during pasteurization and makes several problems in dairy industries. The aim of this study was to investigate aerobic spore and B. cereus of receiving raw milk from three UF plants. Materials and Methods: Samples were gathered from raw milk transport tankers arrived to plants during 30 days in winter. Also, the swab test was used for detection of B.cereus residual on milk contact surfaces. Results: High contamination level of aerobic spores (AeSC) and especially B.cereus were found in most samples compared with the criteria established by national and international standards. Although total viable count (TVC) in samples from industrial farms (IF) was lower than those from traditional farms (TFs) and milk collection centers (MCCs), considerable AeSC and B.cereus were transmitted to the UF plants from IFs. The highest and lowest TVC and B.cereus were found in samples from IFs and MCCs, respectively. In addition, our investigation in IFs revealed that teats contamination to soil and feces, as well as contaminated bedding might were the most important sources of B. cereus and AeSC of raw milk. Moreover, the results of swab tests confirmed that the “cleaning in place” system may not remove B.cereus effectively. Conclusion: It seems that for classifying raw milk quality, AeSC might be used as a more effective quality factor than TVC. Management commitment is effective to improve quality by balance between the amount and quality of receiving raw milk. This leads to the lower contamination in dairy plants and final products.
R Farahmandfar, S Rashidaei Abandansari , E Maghsoudlou, M Asnaashari,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Wheat is one of the most important cereals due to the supply of much of the flour used in bread making in most countries, such as Iran. Wheat contamination with mycotoxins is subject to different production and maintenance conditions. As a carcinogen and mutagen, monitoring the amount of mycotoxins in imported wheat and prevention of the entry of low quality wheat to the food chain are essential. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the contamination of the wheat imported to Mazandaran province.
Materials and Methods: Samples of the wheat imported from Caspian Sea countries were evaluated for moisture content and mycotoxins contamination (ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol). Mycotoxins contamination was determined by HPLC method via purifying with immunoaffinity column for ochratoxin A and zearalenone, and DONSPE column for deoxynivalenol.
Results: The results of this study showed that the average of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol in the samples were 2.24, 133.50 and 181.66 ng/g, respectively.
Conclusion: All the samples were within the acceptable level for mycotoxin according to the permissible limits of Iran National Standard. Additionally, a direct relation between deoxynivalenol and moisture content of the samples (-0.092) was not observed and the correlation between moisture content and ochratoxin A and zearalenone was 0.104 and 0.168, respectively.
